Zainab Ahmed Aljaroodi
Master of Science in Nursing, Advanced Practice, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
Suad Salem Albalawi
Master of Science in Nursing, Advanced Practice, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland , Tabuk Health Cluster, KEAB-6774, POBox 47716, Tabuk 3734, Saudi Arabia
Najla Sari Almutairi
Master of Science in Nursing, Advanced Practice, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland , Madinah Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, IAA-7011, Madinah 42325, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Khalid Albarti
College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Massad Saud Alharbi
Madinah Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, IAA-7011, Madinah 42325, Saudi Arabia
Bunaydir Muteb Alharbi
Pharmacy Department, Addhalh Primary Care Center, Addhalh, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Saud Ali Alshowaiy
Pharmacy Department, Ar-Rass General Hospital, Ar Rass 58883, Saudi Arabia
Fahad Abdullah Algahtani
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Majed Mohammed Al Tamimi
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Abdulrahman A Alzaiber
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Theeb Faisal Alotaibi
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Nawaf Turki Alanazi
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Ibraheem Assiri
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Ali Abdullah Alalwan
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Mansour Zaal Alanazi
Branch of the Ministry of Health in Riyadh Region, PQ27+36F, Ibn Badis, Ar Rabwah, Riyadh 12822, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This review synthesizes evidence on the influence of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and stress on the development and progression of T2DM. It highlights the intricate relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction, with a particular focus on the role of psychological stress in exacerbating disease outcomes. Through the analysis of recent studies, the review explores how lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes, exercise, and stress management, can improve glycemic control and reduce complications. This comprehensive review underscores the need for integrated, personalized management strategies in T2DM care, emphasizing the importance of addressing both physiological and psychological factors to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.
