From the Legacy of Historical Conflicts to Community Wildfire Management in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand

Abstract

Chiang Rai Province, located in Northern Thailand, has a multifaceted history shaped by both domestic and international events. Notably, the exile of the Kuomintang 93rd Division and the insurgency of the Communist Party of Thailand during the Cold War have contributed to significant historical conflicts and violent repression in the region. As the most ethnically diverse area in Thailand, Chiang Rai is home to a majority population of hill tribes. These communities rely heavily on forest resources for their livelihoods, leading to conflicts over resource use, particularly in the context of development initiatives aimed at stabilizing the region and preventing potential communist influence. This research investigates the relationship between historical conflicts and their impact on local lifestyles, specifically in the realm of forest fire management within community forests. It aims to understand how the legacies of past struggles inform contemporary practices and governance. The study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating historical analysis and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including community leaders, government officials, and local residents. Research is conducted across various areas in Chiang Rai, focusing on regions supervised by five forest fire control stations to provide a comprehensive understanding of localized practices and challenges. The findings reveal that historical struggles have led to the establishment of community-based management models tailored to address forest fire issues. Each community has developed unique strategies for forest fire management, utilizing local knowledge and technology. Government officials serve primarily as supporters, disseminating policies and providing resources, while local communities retain significant autonomy in managing their forest resources and fire response efforts. This study highlights the importance of historical context in shaping contemporary resource management practices and emphasizes the resilience of local populations in adapting to environmental challenges.