Evocative Advocates and Stirring Statesmen: Law, Politics, and the Weaponization of Imagery

Works Cited

Archina v. People, 135 Colo. 8 (1957).Search in Google Scholar

Aristotle. Politics. Translation by Ernest Barker. 1946. The Politics of Aristotle. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Bandes, Susan A., and Jeremey A. Blumenthal. 2012. “Emotion and the Law.”Annual Review of Law and Social Science8: 161–81. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173825.10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173825Search in Google Scholar

Bandes, Susan A., and Jessica M. Salerno. 2014. “Emotion, Proof and Prejudice: The Cognitive Science of Gruesome Photos and Victim Impact Statements.”Arizona State Law Journal46: 1003–56.Search in Google Scholar

Bloom, Paul. “Beastly.”The New Yorker, November27, 2017.Search in Google Scholar

Bright, David A., and Jane Goodman-Delahunty. 2004. “The Influence of Gruesome Verbal Evidence on Mock Juror Verdicts.”Psychiatry, Psychology and Law11 (1): 154–66. doi:10.1375/pplt.2004.11.1.154.10.1375/pplt.2004.11.1.154Search in Google Scholar

Bright, David A., and Jane Goodman-Delahunty. 2006. “Gruesome Evidence and Emotion: Anger, Blame, and Jury Decision-Making.”Law and Human Behavior30 (2): 183–202. doi:10.1007/s10979-006-9027-y.10.1007/s10979-006-9027-ySearch in Google Scholar

Buss, David M.2005. The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy is as Necessary as Love and Sex. New York: Free Press.Search in Google Scholar

California v. Brown, 479 U.S. 538 (1997).Search in Google Scholar

California Law Revision Commission. 1964. “Tentative Recommendation and a Study Relating to the Uniform Rules of Evidence (Art. VI. Extrinsic Policies Affecting Admissibility).”Rep., Rec. & Studies612–58.Search in Google Scholar

Charmley, John. 2008. A History of Conservative Politics Since 1830. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-01963-9.10.1007/978-1-137-01963-9Search in Google Scholar

Daly, Martin, and Margo Wilson. 1988. Homicide. Piscataway: Transaction.Search in Google Scholar

Daly, Martin, Margo Wilson, and Suzanne J. Weghorst. 1982. “Male Sexual Jealousy.”Ethology and Sociobiology3 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(82)90027-9.10.1016/0162-3095(82)90027-9Search in Google Scholar

Danziger, Shai, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso. 2011. “Extraneous Factors in Judicial Decisions.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences108 (17): 6889–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018033108.10.1073/pnas.1018033108Search in Google Scholar

DeScioli, Peter, and Robert Kurzban. 2009. “Mysteries of Morality.”Cognition112 (2): 281–99. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.008.10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.008Search in Google Scholar

DeScioli, Peter, and Robert Kurzban. 2013. “A Solution to the Mysteries of Morality.”Psychological Bulletin139 (2): 477–96. doi:10.1037/a0029065.10.1037/a0029065Search in Google Scholar

DeVore, Irven, and John Tooby. 1987. “The Reconstruction of Hominid Behavioral Evolution Through Strategic Modeling.” In The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate Models, edited by WG Kinzey, 183–237. New York: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Dickens, Charles. 1841. The Old Curiosity Shop and Other Tales. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard.10.1093/oseo/instance.00121335Search in Google Scholar

Dickens, Charles. (1838) 2003. Oliver Twist. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics.10.1093/oseo/instance.00121337Search in Google Scholar

Dickens, Charles. (1850) 2004. David Copperfield. Mineola: Dover.10.1093/oseo/instance.00121331Search in Google Scholar

Dickens, Charles. (1861) 2010. Great Expectations. Mineola: Dover.10.1093/oseo/instance.00121334Search in Google Scholar

Douglas, Kevin S., David R. Lyon, and James R. P. Ogloff. 1997. “The Impact of Graphic Photographic Evidence on Mock Jurors’ Decisions in a Murder Trial: Probative or Prejudicial?”Law and Human Behavior21 (5): 485–501. doi:10.1023/A:1024823706560.10.1023/A:1024823706560Search in Google Scholar

Dover, Kenneth J.1972. Aristophanic Comedy. Berkeley: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar

Duncan, Martha G.1993. “In Slime and Darkness: The Metaphor of Filth in Criminal Justice.”Tulane Law Review68: 725–802.Search in Google Scholar

Edsall, Thomas B.“Purity, Disgust and Donald Trump.”The New York Times, January06, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

Fessler, Dan M., and Carlos D. Navarrete, C. D.2003. “Meat is Good to Taboo: Dietary Proscriptions as a Product of the Interaction of Psychological Mechanisms and Social Processes.”Journal of Cognition and Culture, 3 (1): 1–40. doi:10.1163/156853703321598563.10.1163/156853703321598563Search in Google Scholar

Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert. 1859. “The Faction-Fights.”Bentley's Quarterly ReviewII: 343–74.Search in Google Scholar

Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2001. “The Adaptive Toolbox.” In Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox edited by Gerd Gigerenzer and Reinhard Selten, 37–50. Cambridge: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/1654.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Gigerenzer, Gerd, and Daniel G. Goldstein. 1996. “Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way: Models of Bounded Rationality.”Psychological Review103 (4): 650–69. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.650.10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.650Search in Google Scholar

Goebbels, Joseph (Producer) and Fritz Hippler (Director). 1940. Der Ewige Jude [motion picture]. Germany: Deutsche Film Gesellschaft.Search in Google Scholar

Gonzalez, Jose M.2006. “The Meaning and Function of Phantasia in Aristotle's Rhetoric III. 1.”Transactions of the American Philological Association136 (1): 99–131.10.1353/apa.2006.0006Search in Google Scholar

Haidt, Jonathan. 2001. “The Emotional Dog and its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment.”Psychological Review108 (4): 814–34. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814.10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814Search in Google Scholar

Haselton, Martie G., and David M. Buss. 2000. “Error Management Theory: A New Perspective on Biases in Cross-Sex Mind Reading.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology78 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.81.10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.81Search in Google Scholar

Haslam, Nick, and Steve Loughnan. 2014. “Dehumanization and Infrahumanization.”Annual Review of Psychology65: 399–423. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045.10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045Search in Google Scholar

Hill v. State, 157 S.W.2d 369 (1941) (reversed on grounds other than the proposition for which it is cited, 316 U.S. 400 (1942)).Search in Google Scholar

Holmes, Oliver W.1897. “The Path of the Law.”Harvard Law Review10: 457–78. doi:10.2307/1322028.10.2307/1322028Search in Google Scholar

Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. (1738-40) 2000. Edited by David F. Norton and Mary J. Norton. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oseo/instance.00046221Search in Google Scholar

Hunt, Jennifer S.2016. “Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Jury Decision Making.”Annual Review of Law and Social Science11 (1): 269–88. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-120814-121723.10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-120814-121723Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, Dominic D. P., Daniel T. Blumstein, James H. Fowler, and Martie G. Haselton. 2013. “The Evolution of Error: Error Management, Cognitive Constraints, and Adaptive Decision-Making Biases.”Trends in Ecology & Evolution28 (8): 474–81. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.014.10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.014Search in Google Scholar

Lieberman, Debra, and Carlton Patrick. 2014. “Are the Behavioral Immune System and Pathogen Disgust Identical?”Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences8 (4): 244–50. doi:10.1037/ebs0000018.10.1037/ebs0000018Search in Google Scholar

Lieberman, Debra and Carlton Patrick. 2018. Objection: Disgust, Morality, and the Law. New York: Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

Limbaugh, Rush. (host). (2005, April01). The Rush Limbaugh Show. [radio program]. Sherman Oaks: Premiere Networks.Search in Google Scholar

Limbaugh, Rush. (host). (2011, January31). The Rush Limbaugh Show. [radio program]. Sherman Oaks: Premiere Networks.Search in Google Scholar

Madison, James. 1787. Federalist No. 10:“The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection.”New York Daily Advertiser, November22, 1787.Search in Google Scholar

McAfee, Tim, Kevin C. Davis, Robert L. Alexander Jr., Terry F. Pechacek, and Rebecca Bunnell. 2013. “Effect of the First Federally Funded US Antismoking National Media Campaign.”The Lancet382 (9909): 2003–11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61686-4.10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61686-4Search in Google Scholar

Michelson v. United States, 335 U.S. 469 (1948).Search in Google Scholar

Myers, Paul Z.2013. The Happy Atheist. New York: Pantheon.Search in Google Scholar

Nicolson, Harold. 2000. The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity, 1812–1822. New York: Grove Press.Search in Google Scholar

Nisbett, Richard E., and Timothy D. Wilson. 1977. “Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes.”Psychological Review84 (3): 231–59. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231.10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231Search in Google Scholar

Öhman, Arne, and Susan Mineka. 2001. “Fears, Phobias, and Preparedness: Toward an Evolved Module of Fear and Fear Learning.”Psychological Review108 (3): 483–522. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.483.10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.483Search in Google Scholar

Patrick, Carlton. 2015. “A New Synthesis for Law and Emotions: Insights from the Behavioral Sciences.”Arizona State Law Journal47: 1239–1287.Search in Google Scholar

Patrick, Carlton. 2016. “The Long-Term Promise for Evolutionary Psychology and the Law.”Arizona State Law Journal48: 995–1012.Search in Google Scholar

Patrick, Carlton and Debra Lieberman. 2017. “Not from a Wicked Heart: Testing the Assumptions of the Provocation Doctrine.”Nevada Law Journal18: 33–59.Search in Google Scholar

Rozin, Paul, and April E. Fallon. 1987. “A Perspective on Disgust.”Psychological Review94: 23–41. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.1.23.10.1037/0033-295X.94.1.23Search in Google Scholar

Rozin, Paul, Linda Millman, and Carol Nemeroff. 1986. “Operation of the Laws of Sympathetic Magic in Disgust and Other Domains.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology703:50. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.4.703.10.1037/0022-3514.50.4.703Search in Google Scholar

Salerno, Jessica M., and Liana C. Peter-Hagene. 2013. “The Interactive Effect of Anger and Disgust on Moral Outrage and Judgments.”Psychological Science240: 2069–2078. doi:10.1177/0956797613486988.10.1177/0956797613486988Search in Google Scholar

Scher, Richard K.1997. The Modern Political Campaign: Mudslinging, Bombast, and the Vitality of American Politics. New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Schnall, Simone, Jonathan Haidt, Gerald L. Clore, and Alexander H. Jordan. 2015. “Landy and Goodwin (2015) Confirmed Most of Our Findings Then Drew the Wrong Conclusions.”Perspectives on Psychological Science10 (4): 537–538. doi:10.1177/1745691615589078.10.1177/1745691615589078Search in Google Scholar

Sell, Aaron, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmides. 2009. “Formidability and the Logic of Human Anger.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences106: 15073–15078. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904312106.10.1073/pnas.0904312106Search in Google Scholar

State v. Bates, 804 S.W. 2d 868 (Tenn.1991).Search in Google Scholar

State v. Jones, 355 N.C. 117 (2002).10.1017/CBO9780511549984.020Search in Google Scholar

State v. Stephenson, 878 S.W. 2d 530, 541 (Tenn.1994).Search in Google Scholar

Sznycer, Daniel, John Tooby, Leda Cosmides, Roni Porat, Shaul Shalvi, and Eran Halperin. 2016. “Shame Closely Tracks the Threat of Devaluation by Others, Even Across Cultures.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences113: 2625–2630. doi:10.1073/pnas.1514699113.10.1073/pnas.1514699113Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, Benjamin P.2008. Abraham Lincoln: A Biography. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Tirrell, Lynne. 2012. “Genocidal Language Games.” In Speech and Harm: Controversies over Free Speech, edited by Ishani Maitra and Mary Kate McGowan, 174–221. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236282.003.0008Search in Google Scholar

Tooby, John, and Leda Cosmides. 1990. “The Past Explains the Present: Emotional Adaptations and the Structure of Ancestral Environments.”Ethology and Sociobiology11: 375–424. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(90)90017-Z.10.1016/0162-3095(90)90017-ZSearch in Google Scholar

Tooby, John, and Leda Cosmides. 2010. “Groups in Mind: The Coalitional Roots of War and Morality.” In Human Morality and Sociality: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Henrik Hogh-Olsen, 191–234. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05001-4_8.10.1007/978-1-137-05001-4_8Search in Google Scholar

Tybur, Joshua M., Debra Lieberman, Robert Kurzban, and Peter DeScioli. 2013“Disgust: Evolved Function and Structure.”Psychological Review120: 65–84. doi:10.1037/a0030778.10.1037/a0030778Search in Google Scholar

Vasquez, Eduardo A., Steve Loughnan, Ellis Luise, Gootjes-Dreesbach, and Ulrich Weger. 2014. “The Animal in You: Animalistic Descriptions of a Violent Crime Increase Punishment of Perpetrator.”Aggressive Behavior40 (4): 337–44. doi:10.1002/ab.21525.10.1002/ab.21525Search in Google Scholar

Volokh, Eugene. 2015. “Gruesome Speech.”Cornell Law Review100: 901–952.Search in Google Scholar

Whalen, D. H., & Blanchard, F. A.1982. “Effects of Photographic Evidence on Mock Juror Judgement.”Journal of Applied Social Psychology12 (1): 30–41. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00846.x.10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00846.xSearch in Google Scholar