Identity and Economy in Kingdoms of West Kalimantan

Abstract

Historical records offer limited details about West Kalimantan's role in the spice trade compared to the Moluccas (known for cloves and nutmegs). This study investigates why, despite the region's development during intercontinental trade periods. Later, resources like forests and mining products attracted Chinese and Europeans. Based on historical and economic archaeology, this research focuses on how these newcomers interacted with local Dayak communities. Settlement by outsiders impacted existing communities. Unequal resource access has created social stratification, leading to cooperation and conflict. This development led to complex settlements along the Kapuas River and the rise of kingdoms like Pontianak. This study examines economic interactions, cultural exchange, and abandoned practices. We aim to understand these activity centers' social, economic, and cultural implications, where diverse ethnicities and cultures intermingle. It highlights the importance of recognizing these interconnected histories in fostering multi-ethnic societies.