Effects of Sterilization Methods on the Efficacy of Medical Devices: A Nursing Review

Abstract

Sterilization is a critical process in the healthcare sector that ensures the safety and efficacy of medical devices. Various sterilization methods, including steam sterilization, ethylene oxide (EtO) gas, and hydrogen peroxide plasma, have distinct effects on the material properties and overall functionality of medical devices. For instance, while steam sterilization is highly effective at eliminating microbial life, it may adversely affect certain heat-sensitive materials, leading to potential degradation or loss of structural integrity. In contrast, ethylene oxide is more versatile for delicate instruments but requires longer processing times and has concerns regarding residual chemicals. This review aims to critically evaluate how these sterilization methods impact device performance, thereby guiding nursing professionals in selecting appropriate sterilization techniques that maintain device integrity and patient safety. The efficacy of medical devices post-sterilization not only involves mechanical functionality but also encompasses biocompatibility and the potential for adverse reactions in patients. For instance, improperly sterilized or damaged devices can compromise treatment outcomes and patient safety, leading to increased incidences of infections or device failure. Nurses play a pivotal role in the sterilization process by ensuring adherence to protocols and understanding the specific requirements for each device type. Additionally, ongoing education about emerging sterilization technologies and their effects can empower nurses to make informed decisions, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes. This review underscores the importance of integrating knowledge of sterilization methods with nursing practice to optimize patient care and device reliability.