Enhancement of the Performance of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Using Nano Composite Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Titanium Dioxide with Natural Dyes

Abstract

Some contemporary techniques have been used to boost the efficiency of crystalline solar cells. These techniques include coating the cells with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial that has been mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and using natural dyes with PVA that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly while also acting as a good enhancer in solar cell efficiency by utilizing the photosynthesis process to absorb light. In order to create a film of a nanocomposite with a natural dye, the study examined the effects of mixing TiO2/PVA with natural colors taken from Acasia alata leaves and spirulina algae. The silicon solar cells were coated with paint using the deposition method, and the optical characteristics of the paint were examined using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Combining nanocomposites and natural dyes within the layers of solar cells can enhance productivity while minimizing light reflection, leading to a higher electricity output. TiO2/PVA, TiO2/PVA with algae dye (Spirulina), algae dye, and Acasia alata dye had energy gap differences of 1.5 eV, 1.9 eV, 2 eV, and 1.87 eV, in that order. Nanocomposites and natural dyes cover solar cells more effectively and reduce light reflection. Acasia alata dye increases effectiveness by 75%, while spirulina dye boosts it by 85.9%.