Effect of Ethanol Extract of Puguntano Leaf (Curanga Fel-Terrae (Lour) Merr.) on the Expression of TGF-B1, E-SELECTIN, Glomerulosclerosis, Interstitial Fibrosis, and Renal Function in Wistar Strained Rats Which was Given Doxorubicin

Abstract

The increasing use of Doxorubicin (DXR) in cancer treatment has highlighted its nephrotoxic effects. Puguntano leaf ethanol extract, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, may offer nephroprotective benefits. This study investigates whether combining DXR with Puguntano leaf ethanol extract can mitigate DXR's nephrotoxicity. The study used an experimental posttest control group design, conducted in various USU Medical Faculty laboratories. Thirty male Wistar mice were divided into three groups: control (K1), DXR-treated (K2), and DXR combined with Puguntano leaf ethanol extract (K3). The DXR was administered intraperitoneally weekly for three weeks, while the Puguntano extract was given orally at 200 mg/kg daily for three weeks. In the fourth week, all mice were sacrificed using ketamine. TGF-β1 and E-selectin expressions were assessed via immunohistochemistry. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were examined using Masson's Trichome. Blood tests for urea and creatinine were conducted using immunoturbidimetry, and proteinuria was assessed with urine dipstick tests. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results indicated that DXR significantly increased TGF-β1 (253.5%±65.1), E-selectin (218.0±70.4), glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, proteinuria, urea, and creatinine levels (p = 0.001). However, the combination of DXR and Puguntano extract significantly reduced TGF-β1 (180.0±51.0), E-selectin (172.5±57.98), and the other aforementioned markers (p = 0.001). In conclusion, combining DXR with Puguntano leaf ethanol extract effectively reduces the nephrotoxic effects of DXR, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate DXR-induced kidney damage.