Academic Spin-offs through the Lens of Pragmatism and Mixed Methods

Abstract

Academic spin-offs (USOs) play a key role in technology transfer and economic development, encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation. This study explores the nature and application of the pragmatic paradigm and mixed methods in the study of USOs. The research addresses the central question of how mixed approaches can deepen the understanding of USOs, for which a review of relevant scientific literature was conducted. Furthermore, in our article we approach pragmatism from the principles: combination of methods, synergy of methods, triangulation and validation, flexibility and adaptability, focus on practical utility, practical problem solving, and iteration and theory development, allowing us to examine the applicability of mixed methods and the appropriateness of pragmatic principles in the study of USOs. The findings reveal that the pragmatic paradigm is particularly useful for addressing concrete problems in this context and provides an essential guide for navigating the complex ecosystem of USOs, supporting broader and more effective research efforts that enhance understanding and encourage deeper exploration towards research that integrates mixed methodologies and explains the complexity of academic entrepreneurship, its creation, performance and impact on society.