Evaluating the Impact of Knowledge and Practices on Hepatitis B Prevalence in Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B remains a significant public health concern globally, with varying prevalence rates across different regions. In Saudi Arabia, while efforts have been made to improve vaccination and screening programs, hepatitis B continues to present a challenge. This study aims to assess the impact of participants' knowledge and practices on the prevalence of hepatitis B in Saudi Arabia, focusing on how awareness and behaviors influence disease management and prevalence rates.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,200 participants who completed an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed demographic information, knowledge about hepatitis B, and related practices. Participants were categorized based on their hepatitis B diagnosis status, with 351 individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B and the remaining 849 not diagnosed. Data were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B, the level of knowledge regarding the disease, and the prevalence of preventive practices such as vaccination and screening.

Results: Knowledge about hepatitis B transmission and prevention was relatively high, with 85% of participants correctly identifying bloodborne transmission and 70% recognizing the preventive role of vaccination. However, awareness of treatment options and symptoms was lower, with 55% and 45% of participants respectively demonstrating knowledge in these areas. Vaccination coverage was 42%, and screening rates were 37%. Risk behaviors such as needle sharing and unprotected sex were reported by 12% and 16% of participants, respectively. A comparative analysis showed that individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B had lower levels of knowledge and engagement in preventive practices compared to those not diagnosed.

Conclusion: The findings highlight a moderate prevalence of hepatitis B and reveal significant gaps in detailed knowledge and preventive practices. While awareness of transmission and prevention is relatively high, there is a need for improved education regarding treatment options and symptoms. Enhancing vaccination and screening programs, as well as addressing high-risk behaviors, are crucial for managing and reducing hepatitis B prevalence.