The Effects of Socioeconomic Position on Breast Cancer: Based on the DNA Methylation Profiles

Abstract

Background: The association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and breast cancer outcomes is significantly influenced, and comprehending this connection relies on the analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles. Studies suggest that socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, characterized by lower levels of education and household income, may exhibit specific DNAm patterns in breast cancer patients. These patterns have the potential to influence the genesis and progression of cancer. This study investigates the unique DNAm patterns exhibited by socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, which may have an impact on the progression of cancer. Methods: The study examined the DNAm profiles of breast cancer patients and their socioeconomic backgrounds. The profiles were analyzed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 and scanned using an iScan machine (Illumina). The bioinformatics analysis was conducted in R/Bioconductor. Results: The study uncovered noteworthy DNAm differences in persons with lower socioeconomic status. Significant hyper- and hypomethylation occurred at crucial CpG sites, specifically hypomethylation in cg18843803 and cg17751872 biomarkers. The overexpression of genes, such as TSHZ3 and ZNF714, in the low SEP groups suggests a direct biological pathway through which socioeconomic factors can influence cancer outcomes. These genes are implicated in increasing cell survival, invasiveness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby contributing to more aggressive cancer phenotypes. The study also emphasized demographic inequities, with those of lower income being diagnosed at younger ages and having lower levels of education. Conclusion: This study highlights the biological significance of SEP on breast cancer outcomes. Through the identification of precise DNAm biomarkers, this analysis offers valuable insights into the impact of socioeconomic factors on cancer biology. It promotes the incorporation of socioeconomic factors into cancer treatment and prevention methods to tackle health disparities.