Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification‏: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Dental implant technologies offer an effective solution to replace missing teeth and meet patients’ aesthetic and functional requirements. This review provides an overview of the modern materials used in dental implants and the surface modification techniques used, focusing on their importance in enhancing biocompatibility and osseointegration. A comprehensive overview of materials such as metals (e.g. titanium and its alloys), ceramics (e.g. zirconia), and polymers (e.g. PEEK) provided, detailing their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and applications. In addition, the review discusses different surface modification methods, including roughness enhancement and bioactive coatings, which play a critical role in improving implant stability and enhancing osseointegration. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate materials and using advanced surface treatments to improve dental implant performance, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and satisfaction. Further research is needed to refine these methods and address the challenges associated with each type of material.