Combatting Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Review on Infection Control Measures in Hospitals, Outbreak Management, Challenges and Barriers

Abstract

The resistance of carbapenem medicines by carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has come to pose as a huge threat to world healthcare because the drugs are sometimes used as the last form of defense against multidrug-resistant infections. Severe morbidity and mortality, extended hospitalizations, and increased healthcare spending have been linked to infections by CRE. This review elaborates a mechanism of resistance, epidemiology, infection prevention measures, issues, and promising new strategies in controlling CRE in health-care facilities. CRE outbreaks can be managed with the aid of infection control methods, which include antimicrobial stewardship, environmental cleaning, active surveillance, and contact restrictions. Likewise, resources, health care personnel' knowledge gaps, and the rapidly changing mechanism of resistance would be the other areas that need to be addressed. New infection prevention techniques were developed on the foundation of innovations like probiotic integration, real-time analytics, and genomic surveillance. This article highlights the understanding of molecular processes and regional epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae which are involved in the development of strategies to fight health problem globally.