Penalties Arising from Security Institution Secrets in Iraqi and Jordanian Law

Abstract

This study investigates the penal consequences of crimes against the security secrets of institutions within Iraqi and Jordanian law, focusing on the legislative frameworks, philosophical underpinnings, and penalties associated with the breach of sensitive information. In both legal systems, the criminalization of such offenses reflects the critical importance of maintaining national stability, public trust, and institutional integrity. Through a comparative analysis, the research explores the primary, secondary, and supplementary penalties imposed on individuals who violate security confidentiality, examining the role of deterrence and retribution in shaping these legal measures. Additionally, it is important to delves into the philosophical foundations that inform these penalties, emphasizing the balance between safeguarding public interests and ensuring proportional punishment for violations. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive legal frameworks that effectively address the evolving threats to national security posed by breaches of confidential information.